White Carbon Black: Khoom lag luam inorganic tsis yog kim uas muaj txiaj ntsig siab

Dav thiab dej ntsuab, uas kawm tshuaj qhia hu ua silica (SiO₂), yog ib feem ntawv kawm tshuaj tseem ceeb uas tau tsim ib qhov chaw nyob zoo tseg rau tib cheeb lag luam. Lub npe tseem ceeb "dav thiab dej ntsuab," txawm tias nws muaj dab neeg dav, los ntawm nws kev siv thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ib xaus li carbon black dhau los. Qhov article no yuav sau saib meej meej txog dav thiab dej ntsuab, suav nrog nws tshuaj kawm thiab tshuaj tshwj xeeb, qib, thiab kev siv ntau yam.

Tshuaj kawm thiab tshuaj tshwj xeeb

Daim ntawv dawb muaj ltxwm sib thooj muaj duab ntawm powder silicate dawb, txawv los ntawm nws qhov chaw tso caij ntau. Qhov chaw tso caij no pab nws muaj qhov saum npoo laub hluas tshaj plaws, ib qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau nws muaj kev pab cuam zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov kev pab cuam tau nyob rau hauv qhov khaub ncaws yog tsis muaj teeb meem, ua rau nws muaj tseeb hauv kev siv uas xav tau kev kho khaub ncaws. Nyob hauv qhov kev sib ntxur, daim ntawv dawb yog inert, muaj qhov nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev sib txig siab. Nws tsis raug sib puag ncig rau hauv dej, txhawm rau kom nws tsis raug phom nyob rau hauv dej. Tom qab ntawd, nws kev tiv thaiv rau shaj kub thiab kev tiv thaiv feem electrical zoo tshaj plaws kuj pab ntxiv nws kev siv nyob rau hauv ntau cheeb tsam. Qhov kev faus tau ntawm daim ntawv dawb yog ib qhov tseem ceeb dua, pab nws faus mus thoob plaws hauv matrices thiab pab ntxiv qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus lej.

Qhia tshiab raws li qhov kev tsim

Kev tsim kho tshuaj sib thooj hla yuav tsum muaj ob hom tshaj tawm: fumed silica thiab precipitated silica, txhua qhov ib leeg los ntawm kev tsim kho thiab qhov chaw uas tsim.

Fumed silica

Silica ua kom sov, feem ntau hu ua silica hli ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub suab leeg, tsim los los ntawm kev tsim nyog siv kev pab pawg zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev pab kawg li. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qhov khoom siv uas muaj zaj tshib txhob tag 99% thiab lub suab leeg ntawm 10 mus rau 20 nanometers. Lub suab leeg ntawm nano-scale no, thiab nrog rau qhov zaj tshib siab, pab silica ua kom sov muaj kev sib cuag zoo. Lub suab leeg me me no pab kom nws tso caij tau zoo, yog li nws yog ib qhov chaw pab tso caij zoo rau silicone rubber, uas pab ntxiv qhov ceev thiab nyob dav ntawm chaw. Rau cov roj hmab thiab cov roj resins uas tsis tu ncua, silica ua kom sov ua roj tshwj, pab tso caij qhov nyiam thiab kev sib thooj ntawm cov roj. Txhawm rau ua roj hmab ntsuab, nws pab kho qhov tsis zoo, pab tau txais qhov xav tau. Ntawm no, thaum siv nws ua roj tshwj rau cov roj plastic, nws pab tso cov roj tso tseg, pab ntxiv kev pab tso caij.

Precipitated silica

Txawm dab tsi los, cov silica precipitated tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsim kho tshaj tshua yooj yim thiab muaj peev xeeb dua. Qhov khoom siv thawj rau cov silica precipitated yog tshuab nkag siab, uas yuav tsum tau txhaj ntau yam kev sib kis kim hloov ua cov khoom tiav. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov silica precipitated tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo li qhov teeb meem, uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua los tsim ntau dua rau kev tsim kho loj. Cov silica precipitated muaj ntau yam kev siv nyob rau hauv cov rubber nyuj thiab synthetic, uas pab txhim khu kev txhim kho ntawm kev txhim kho, kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txgag thiab kev tiv thaiv kom tsis puag. Tom qab ntawd, nws kuj pab siv nyob rau hauv cov toothpaste, pab ntxhua plaque thiab daim ntawv los ntawm dej ntawv.

Qhia tias Nyob Ze Saum Qhov Chaw

White carbon black kuj tuaj yeem qhia tias nyob ze saum qhov chaw, yog li cas yog hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic silica. Qhov qhia tias no muaj tseeb tshaj plaws vim nws thiaj pab paub seb cov khoom siv zoo li cas thiab txheej txheem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib txawv.

Silica hydrophilic

Silica hydrophilic muaj qhuj nqub tshwj tsis nkaus rau dej thiab cov chaw polar. Qhov kev siv no ua rau nws tuaj yeem sib txuas zoo hauv dej thiab cov solvent polar, pab nws siv hauv ntau yam kev siv. Hauv cheeb nyiaj ua vajtse, silica hydrophilic ua rawm ib tug neeg tswj xyis khib, tiv thaiv cov khoom siv uas muaj duv thiab tso kom dej tuaj tau zoo. Nws kuj siv ntau hauv cov roj sib npaug uas muaj dej, uas pab txhim kho qhov sib txuas ntawm roj thiab pab ntxiv qhov nyiam ntawm nws rau hauv qhov chaw. Thiab yog ib tug neeg siv hluv taws, silica hydrophilic pab sau ua siab tsis txhob muaj leej twg los tshab ntau. Hauv cheeb nyiaj tshuab, nws ua rawm ib tug neeg tswj, pab txhim kho qhov ceev, qhov sov thiab qhov tuaj yeem sau ntsov ntawm daim ntawv.

Silica hydrophobic

Hmoob silica, nyob rau hauv kev paws, muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo li tiv nyiaj thiab sib luag nrog systems uas tsis muaj polar. Qhov kev sib txawv no tau rau los ntawm kev hloov kho pob, uas tshwm sim rau hauv qhov hmoob silica los ua kom hmoob. Hmoob silica tau siv ntau hauv kev pabcuam silicone caoutchouc, qhov twg nws txhim khu kev tiv thaiv caoutchouc rau tiv nyiaj thiab lwm yam khoom tshwj xeeb. Hauv cheeb nyuj ink, nws txhim khu kev sib dhos thiab kev sau saum phaub ntawm ink, thim kom meej zoo. Hawj chaw siv khoom pab tsim cov kab hneev kuj tseem tiv thaiv los ntawm hmoob silica, siv nws hauv kev tsim khoom xws li foundations thiab powders, qhov twg nws muab ib qho sib xyaw zoo, finish matte thiab sau khwv kev puag. Tom qab no, hmoob silica pom kev siv hauv polymer composite materials, qhov twg nws txhim khu kev sib txawv thiab kev nyob dav ntawm composites.

Cov kev siv nyob hauv keev cai thiab cov phiaj xwm

Hob ntuj sov tshaj tawg ntawm daim av dawb yog ib qhov muaj ob txoj hauv kev, ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab teeb meem. Saum npaug, nws pab txhim kho qhov siv tshuaj tso pov, ua rau nws zoo dua rau kev saj ntsuas dej thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom ntaub chaw rau kev khaum. Qhov no pab kom cov khoom tau nyob ntev thiab tsim nyog, tua kom meej qhov khoom tsis txaus thiab pab tau zoo dua rau tus neeg siv khoom. Saum tog, qhov tshaj tawg ntawm hob ntuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab dua thiab kev nyuaj khi nrog rau qhov siv khoom no. Tab sis, cov teeb meem no feem ntau raug tua kom meej los ntawm kev them ntau thiab kev lag luam tshaj tawg.

Qhov tsim nyog siv hluas ntawm sab ntawm daim ntaub daj tau hais tias nws siv hauv kev pab pawg tshiab. Hauv cheeb koom no, sab ntawm daim ntaub daj ua phau ntawv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom tshiab uas muaj qhov chaw sib txawv, pab tsim cov chaw uas muaj txiaj ntsig tshiab. Hauv kev siv rau kev saib xyuas dej thiab av, nws siv los tshem tshaib cov khoom xiam hauv dej thiab av, pab tso caij rau ib qhov chaw dav dav thiab nyob ruaj khov dua. Tom qab ntawd, kev pab pawg hauv kev kho khoob ntxiv tshiab tuaj yeem pab ntau yam siv rau sab ntawm daim ntaub daj, tshwj tsis yog hauv cheeb koom kho mob thiab kev xa tshuaj.

Xaus

Daim ntawv dav hlau ua los ntawm carbon khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis yog siv los ntawm kimho thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv. Nws nyob zoo hauv kem zoo li thiab kem tshuaj, thiab muaj ntau yam txoj kev tsim thiab txoj kev sau npe hauv nruab hnub, ua rau nws muaj zog txaus siab rau kev siv hauv ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom. Los ntawm kev siv dhau los hauv rubber thiab coatings mus rau kev pab cuam tshiab hauv kev siv nano thiab kev pab dawb nqaim, daim ntawv dav hlau ua los ntawm carbon khoom siv tsoom txeem tiam siab dua. Thaum kev kho kom zoo dua thiab kev tshawb nrhiav ntev dua, yam khoom no yuav tsoom txeem dua, ua rau nws nyob qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam. Nws kev pab ruaj khoom, pab kom tsim khoom sai dua, thiab pab tswj xyuas kev nyab xeeb, ua rau nws tsis tau npog hauv kev xav tias yuav tsoom txeem dua.