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4A zeolite powder yog li cov duab ntawv tshuaj tshiab Type A uas muaj cov lus qhia tshuaj xwb: Na₁₂[(AlO₂)₁₂(SiO₂)₁₂]·27H₂O. Nws muaj lub npe los ntawm cov qhov hauv ntawm cov duab ntawv tshuaj uas muaj qhov dav ntawm 0.42 nm (4 Å). Qhov nplooj nplooj no yog li qhov nplooj nplooj dawb, nplooj nplooj me me thiab nplooj nplooj tshuaj tshiab uas muaj cov qhov hauv uas muaj riam thiab muaj qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, uas pab nws muaj cov qhov zoo tshaj plaws li: kev txuas lus zoo, kev tso cai rau kev tshuaj tshiab, kev pab rau kev tshuaj tshiab, kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj kev puas, thiab kev nyab xeeb rau lub ntiaj teb vim nws tsis muaj phosphorus. Nws yog li cov khoom tshuaj tshiab tseem ceeb rau cov khoom tshuaj tshiab uas tsis muaj phosphorus hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab muaj kev siv rau ntau yam qhov kev lag luam, piv txwv li: kev kho kom lub zog ntawm lub zog ntawm lub ntiaj teb, kev siv rau cov nplooj nplooj rubber thiab plastic, kev lag luam ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov dej, kev siv rau cov khoom tshuaj tshiab uas tshem cov dej, thiab kev siv rau cov khoom tshuaj tshiab thiab cov khoom tshuaj tshiab rau lub ntiaj teb. Thaum kev siv phosphorus thiab kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws tau nce siab, nws tau dhau los yog li cov khoom tshuaj tshiab tseem ceeb thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv.
ⅰ . Cov kev sib txuas thiab cov qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm: 4A Zeolite muaj cov khoom sib txuas rau ib leeg thiab cov khoom sib txuas rau lub cim ntawm lub cim kub, uas tau tsim los ntawm cov silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons thiab cov aluminum-oxygen tetrahedrons uas sib txuas rau ib leeg. Cov khoom sib txuas rau ib leeg uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm no, thiab cov kev ua haujlwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Cov lus txog cov ntaub ntawv: Lub powder uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv dawb thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv dawb ≥95% rau cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws, cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws muaj cov ntaub ntawv 2-4 μm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv 4 μm yog 85% los ntawm cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws. Cov khoom no muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib txuas thiab kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas rau ib leeg, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas rau cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov khoom sib txuas rau kev ua haujlwm.
Kev txhawb nqa (kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb): Cov lattices muaj qhov tsis zoo thiab muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm cov sodium ions, uas pheej pheej kho cov metal ions los ntawm dej, xws li cov calcium, magnesium, lead, thiab cadmium. Qhov ntsuas ntawm calcium hauv qhov khoom siv tsis muaj dej yuav tsum yog 290 rau 320 mg CaCO₃/g, thiab qhov ntsuas theorectical yog 352 mg/g. Qhov kev ua no tuaj yeem txhawb dej kom tsis muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm calcium thiab magnesium, thiab tso cov heavy metal nyob ib leeg rau hauv lub sijhawm short, yog li no yog qhov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb dej uas muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm calcium thiab magnesium ntau.
Kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb thiab kev txhawb kom tsis muaj dej: Nrog rau qhov ntsuas ntawm cov kab laus (surface area) uas yog 600 m²/g, cov micropores uas muaj 0.42 nm tuaj yeem txhawb cov dej molecules, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, thiab cov small-molecule volatile organic compounds (VOCs) nyob rau hauv cov dej ua haujlwm, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem txhawb cov large-molecule oils. Tom qab kev txhawb kom tsis muaj dej thiab kev txhawb kom muaj kev ua haujlwm, no tuaj yeem txhawb dua thiab siv dua, yog li no tau siv rau hauv tsev sib tham thiab rau kev txhawb dej ua haujlwm.
Kev sib thov ntawm cov khoom: Ts tsis muaj nyob hauv dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij, tso cia rau hauv cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij, tso cia rau hauv cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij; kev txiav txim ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij yuav tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij yog 800°C los sis. Cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij muaj pH 10.0–11.5, muaj kev sib thov ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij uas yuav tshwm sim rau hauv cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij, cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij. Ts muaj phosphorus, cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij, nws sib xws rau cov kev ceev ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij thiab cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij.
Kev sib xws rau kev ua haujlwm: Kev sib xws rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm 0.3–0.5 g/cm³; kev sib xws rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij, cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij, cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij; kev sib xws rau kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev sib xws rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij.
II. Cov qhov chaw sib txawv rau kev siv hauv cov kev lag luam (1) Kev siv hauv cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij (Cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij uas muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws, qhov tseem ceev ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm dej thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog nqaij tsis muaj phosphorus):
Yog li qhov kev sib txuas zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav tais tes sodium tripolyphosphate, nws yog qhov khoom siv ua kom cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua tsis muaj phosphorus, cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua uas muaj ntau yam khoom siv, cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua uas tau tsim los ntawm lub cev, thiab cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua uas muaj duab plaub; nws txhawm rau tshem cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua los ntawm kev sib txuas ion los ntawm kev daws cov ion calcium thiab magnesium los ntawm dej, kom cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua ua haujlwm zoo dua; cov duab plaub no daws cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua thiab cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua uas tsis nyob ib leeg, kom cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua tsis khaub ncaws; qhov kev sib txuas tsis muaj phosphorus no pab tshem cov dej ua rau muaj ntau yam khoom siv hlau qhov cua rau ntawm qhov chaw uas tau tsim, yog li nws yog qhov khoom siv tseem ceeb thaum cov phooj ywg tau txiav tawm cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua uas muaj phosphorus nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Ntawd tsa, cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua tsis loj npog tau txiav tawm rau hluav tais tes, cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua rau lub cev, thiab cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua rau lub cev los ntawm kev daws thiab kev sib txuas rau cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua thiab kev sib txuas rau cov khoom siv hlau qhov cua uas tsis loj.
- Kev Txhawb Kev Tswj Hwm Ntawm Dej thiab Qhov Tswj Hwm Qhov Txiav: Kev Tswj Hwm Dej Txiav Thiab Kev Tswj Hwm Qhov Txiav: Siv rau kom dej txiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua ntaub ntawv los txhawb cov ntaub ntawv tsoo li lead, chromium, nickel, thiab cadmium, thiab ammonia nitrogen thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsoo li yuav tshaj plaws; tom qab siv dua, nws tuaj yeem siv dua, uas txog kev txhawb kev siv cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tswj hwm dej txiav. Kev Tswj Hwm Qhov Txiav: Siv rau qhov txiav los ntawm kev ua ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua ntaub ntawv rubber/thiab plastic los txhawb cov qhov txiav tsoo li formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, thiab VOCs; nws kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsoo li hauv qhov tswj hwm qhov tsiab los txhawb cov ntaub ntawv tsoo li. Kev Tswj Hwm Dej Rau Tswv Yim: Siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsoo li rau kev tswj hwm dej rau tswv yim los txhawb cov ntaub ntawv tsoo li hauv dej ua haujlwm, uas tsim nyog rau cov kev tswj hwm dej rau tswv yim hauv lub xeev.
- Nyob rau hauv cov kev lag luam ntawm rubber thiab plastics, cheeb tsam thiab petrochemical, nws ua li cov khoom siv rau lub PVC, rubber tshwj xeeb, thiab plastics uas tau muab txuas; nws daws cov dej cua yooj yim rau kom zoo dua qhov density ntawm cov khoom thiab pab txhawj rau cov calcium carbonate lo leej thiab talcum powder rau kom txog qhov cost ntawm kev tsim khoom; qhov nature ntawm nws uas yog alkaline yooj yim pab tshem cov molecules acidic yooj yim uas tau muab tsim nyob rau hauv kev tsim rubber thiab plastic, kom zoo dua qhov stability ntawm khoom nyob rau hauv qhov cua sov. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam petrochemical, nws tau siv li cov khoom daws dej rau cov khoom ntawm oil thiab cov solvents organic, thiab li cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov catalysts, siv qhov structure microporous rau kom cov catalysts tau zoo dua thiab pab kom cov catalysts tau zoo dua; thaum muab rau hauv cov sealants thiab greases, nws pab kom cov khoom tau zoo dua thiab tshem cov powder uas yuav tshem mus rau hauv qhov saum toj.
- Khoob tshuaj rau kev txhawb qhov tswv yim thiab kev ua kom zoo dua cov dej ntawm lub vaj: Qhov tswv yim sib xyaw rau cov nyuj thiab cov dej ntawm lub vaj yog 1%–3%, uas daws tau cov tshuaj cua thiab cov dej ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm qhov tswv yim, txo qhov tswv yim ntawm cov ntxhiab thiab cov ntxhiab, ua kom zoo dua qhov tswv yim ntawm cov nyuj thiab cov dej ntawm lub vaj, daws tau cov dej ntawm cov nyuj thiab cov ntxhiab, thiab ua kom zoo dua qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub vaj; Khoob tshuaj rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov dej ntawm lub vaj: Cov khoob tshuaj no ua kom zoo dua cov dej ntawm lub vaj thiab cov dej ntawm lub vaj uas muaj qhov tswv yim ntawm cov dej ntawm lub vaj thiab cov dej ntawm lub vaj, ua kom zoo dua qhov tswv yim ntawm cov dej ntawm lub vaj thiab cov dej ntawm lub vaj, ua kom zoo dua qhov tswv yim ntawm cov dej ntawm lub vaj thiab cov dej ntawm lub vaj, thiab ua kom zoo dua qhov tswv yim ntawm cov dej ntawm lub vaj thiab cov dej ntawm lub vaj.
(5) Yog li cov khoom siv rau hauv qhov tshuab ntsuas rau lub cev thiab lub cev ntawm, cov tshuab tshuaj tso cia rau cov khoom siv tshuaj tshuaj, thiab lwm yam khoom siv tshwj xeeb, nws txhawj xyuam qhov tshuab rau qhov tshuab ntawm qhov tshuab; txhawj xyuam qhov qhia ntawm qhov tshuab rau qhov tshuab thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tshuaj; thiab tom qab txhawj xyuam ntau dua thiab txhawj xyuam, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom siv rau tsev neeg, xwb, thiab cov khoom siv rau qhov tshuab rau qhov tshuab ntawm qhov tshuab.
III. Qhov tshuab thiab qhov tshuab rau qhov tshuab
Cov khoom siv yog qhia tias muaj peb qhov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ntsuas calcium exchange capacity, qhov siab ntawm qhov siab thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo, uas txhais tau tias yuav tau xaiv raws li qhov xav tau thiab qhov yuav tau siv: -Qhov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem siv rau hauv txhua hnub: Calcium exchange capacity ≥ 300 mg/g, qhov siab ≥ 95, qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siab (2 μm), qhov no yog qhia tias siv rau cov khoom siv ntawm phosphorus-free detergents thiab cov khoom siv rau kev kho mob thiab cov khoom siv hauv txhua hnub; -Qhov ntsiab lus rau kev siv hauv tsev sib kho thiab kev saib xyuam rau lub cua: Calcium exchange capacity 290–298 mg/g, qhov siab 92–94, siv rau kev kho cov dej tsis zoo hauv tsev sib kho, siv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev sib kho thiab cov khoom siv rau kev saib xyuam rau lub cua; -Qhov ntsiab lus rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam thiab kev siv rau cov nyuag: Qhov no yog qhia tias muaj los ntawm kev kho cov khoom tsis zoo, calcium exchange capacity 270–288 mg/g, qhov no yog qhia tias muaj qhov zoo rau kev siv thiab qhov yuav tau siv, siv rau cov khoom siv rau cov nyuag, kev pab rau lub vaj thiab cov khoom siv rau kev sib kho lub rooj.
ⅳ . Qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam thiab qhov kev pib txog tom ntej: China yog lub tebchaws uas muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim 4A zeolites rau lub hluav tais xwb, qhov tsim tau thiab qhov xa tawm, thiab muaj cov chaw tsim nyob rau hauv cov pobtswv los sis Shandong, Henan, Jiangxi, thiab Hebei. Rau lub sijhawj no, muaj peb qhov cai uas ua rau nws txhawj xeeb: kev cai ntawm lub ntiaj teb rau kev txhawj xeeb phosphorus, kev cai txog kev nyab so ntau dua, thiab kev pab pawg ntawm kev lag luam tshiab. Lub tshuab no tau txais kev pib dua thiab yuav pib mus rau peb qhov kev pib: Kev nyab so rau cov khoom siv: Qhov tsim tau ntawm zeolites uas tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig li fly ash thiab coal gangue tau pib ntau dua, thiab pib replace cov khoom siv ntawm kev tsim tshiab uas muaj kev pab rau kev txhawj xeeb thiab kev txhawj xeeb rau kev nyab so; Kev pab pawg ntawm cov khoom: Cov 4A zeolites uas tau pab pawg rau kev pab pawg thiab nano-scale tau pib tsim ntau dua thiab pib mus rau cov kev siv uas muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws li rau kev siv rau lithium battery adsorbents thiab advanced catalyst supports; Kev siv rau cov tsev sib txuas: Zeolites uas tau pab pawg rau cov tsev sib txuas tau pib tsim rau cov tsev sib txuas uas muaj kev siv rau cov tsev sib txuas li detergents, water purification, thiab feed production, uas tau pab rau kev siv rau cov tsev sib txuas ntawm cov tsev sib txuas.
Mus Yog Hais Lwm , los ntawm cov khoom siv txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau lub caij thiab cov khoom siv laus tshuaj los ntawm cov khoom siv laus tshuaj, mus rau cov khoom siv uas pab kom ua kom zoo rau cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov khoom siv rau kev txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau cov dej tsis zoo, los ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau cov nyuag thiab cov ntxhiab, mus rau cov khoom siv rau kev txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau cov khoom siv rubber thiab plastic, cov khoom 4A zeolite powder tau txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau ntau yam qhov chaw thiab tsis haum rau qhov chaw ib yam li cas, vim tias nws muaj qhov cim ntawm qhov cim ntau yam, qhov cim ntawm kev ua kom zoo rau lub caij thiab kev ua kom zoo rau kev sib xyaw, qhov cim ntawm kev ua kom zoo rau ntau yam thiab qhov cim ntawm kev ua kom zoo rau kev sib xyaw, thiab tau txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau ntau yam khoom siv inorganic uas muaj kev sib xyaw rau ntau yam chaw. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau kev sib xyaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb rau kev sib xyaw ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab kev txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau kev sib xyaw, thiab rau kev txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau kev sib xyaw ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab kev txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau kev sib xyaw, cov khoom 4A zeolite yuav txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau ntau yam chaw, thiab yuav txhawb kom ua kom zoo rau kev sib xyaw ntawm kev sib xyaw, kev sib xyaw ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm kev sib xyaw.
